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- <text id=94TT1430>
- <title>
- Oct. 17, 1994: Politics:On the Money
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1994
- Oct. 17, 1994 Sex in America
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- ON THE MONEY, Page 39
- The Banana Wars
- </hdr>
- <body>
- <p>By John Rothchild
- </p>
- <p> Memo from the it's-just-as-nutty-over-there-as-it-is-over-here
- department: in their trade talks the Europeans have agreed on
- a free flow of a lot of stuff, including wheat, lawyers and
- intellectual property, but not bananas. After endless meetings,
- a banana split hangs over Europe.
- </p>
- <p> This banana split is one small example of how diplomats and
- economists can promote free trade and all the GATT principles
- they want, but the basic issues can be talked to death and never
- get resolved. Like free love, free trade breaks down whenever
- there are people involved who want to protect their interests--in this case, bananas.
- </p>
- <p> The Germans laid the groundwork for this controversy by starting
- World War II, which led to food rationing, which led to a European
- craving for bananas. The English, whose food is barely edible
- even in peacetime, encouraged banana farming in their Caribbean
- colonies to guarantee themselves a continuous and secure supply
- of something fun to eat. The French followed suit.
- </p>
- <p> Remembering how the islands kept them in fresh fruit during
- hard times, the English decided to protect their loyal suppliers
- with tariffs and quotas levied against the giant banana producers
- on the South American mainland. This quota system was adopted
- by the European Economic Community in a close vote in 1993,
- with several banana-eating countries strongly opposed, most
- notably the Germans.
- </p>
- <p> So on the free-market side of the banana split you've got the
- Germans, who want all they can eat (in this case, 19 lbs. per
- person per year) at low prices; the trio of giant producers,
- Chiquita, Dole and Del Monte, which together account for 60%
- of the world output and want open borders and a fair fight,
- and may the best banana win; and the various banana republics
- where Dole, Chiquita and Del Monte operate.
- </p>
- <p> Favoring tariffs, quotas and the unfree market are an assortment
- of African states and Caribbean islands in cahoots with their
- banana-loving former colonizers, all of whom have weighed in
- on the side of preserving the small banana farm, which is the
- sole source of support for many laid-back islanders. Normally
- well-behaved people on both sides of the issue have been insulting
- each other's bananas through at least two different rounds of
- GATT talks, calling the rival bananas "skinny," "tasteless,"
- "rotten" and "easily bruised." Both GATT panels have ruled that
- the banana quota system is a restraint of trade, but that hasn't
- stopped the friends of the quotas. They have been working frantically
- behind the scenes, offering South American countries various
- financial inducements to get them to switch positions. Meanwhile,
- Chiquita filed a formal protest against the European quotas
- in conjunction with the U.S. banana producers in Hawaii, even
- though the banana output in Hawaii doesn't amount to a hill
- of peels. The French threatened to scuttle the public-works
- plank of the GATT agreement unless Germany accepted the banana
- plank. The Germans refused, insisting on their right to import
- bananas at will, guaranteed by the 1957 Treaty of Rome. Back
- in the islands, the Prime Minister of the island of Dominica,
- Dame Eugenia Charles, has warned that if her people can't make
- a living on bananas, they might take up cocaine.
- </p>
- <p> As if it doesn't have enough trouble on its hands, the Clinton
- Administration has to decide soon whether to join with Chiquita
- in opposing the banana quotas in defense of open trade and a
- Europe free for bananas. But this begs a tough question: If
- we're for free bananas, what about free peanuts? Currently we've
- got a quota on those to protect small peanut farmers and ex-Presidents.
- </p>
- </body>
- </article>
- </text>
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